The analytical essay of the movie The History Boys Assignment

The analytical essay of the movie The History Boys - Assignment Example The essay explores the dramatic elements, theme, and meanings of the film, specifically for four main characters, Hector (Richard Griffiths), Irwin (Stephen Campbell Moore), Dakin (Dominic Cooper), and Posner (Samuel Barnett). Their sexuality produces inner conflicts that intersect with outer conflicts with social norms, norms that the basic institutions of society, specifically schools and religion, define and control. The dramatic action is the pursuit of knowledge in education and life and the changes that come from â€Å"knowing† and â€Å"becoming.† The theme of the film is that the purpose of education is to not teach what is known, but to help students know the unknowns about their society and their identities because this mindset makes them critical of knowledge and truth and sensitive to the vast gender and knowledge imbalances in society. Dramatic action occurs through the action of characters on their inner and outer conflicts about their identities and their knowing of the purpose of education to their identities. Education is supposed to help students and teachers learn what they do not know yet, so that they can become whole individuals. The through action of Irwin is that he changes because he learns that as a teacher, he should not forget his own personal growth. After Dakin and his friends learn that they all passed their respective university entrance tests, he confronts Irwin and offers an indecent sexual proposal. Dakin makes a strong remark on how different Irwin is as a history teacher and as a man because he is more confident and more of a risk-taker as a teacher than as a gay man (Cusack & Hytner, 2006). Irwin is clearly struggling with his gay identity, which he seems to be ashamed of. After the sexually-charged confrontation with Dakin, however, he becomes more spontaneous with his identity, when he rides with Hector on the latter’s motorcycle. The riding act means that Irwin is no longer ashamed of his identity be cause the purpose of education for him is to learn who he is. Dakin has action through understanding that he does not have to know his exact gender to be comfortable with himself because gender and education are both fluid complex processes in life. When he talks to Irwin about the sexual tension between them, Dakin underlines that he is not completely gay: â€Å"I'm not, but it's the end of term; I've got into Oxford; I thought we might push the boat out† (Cusack & Hytner, 2006). Dakin’s main conflict is his rigid sense of heteronormativity, which involves the validity placed on heterosexual relations. In reality, he struggles with his bisexuality. Both Irwin and Dakin are unravelling their sexual identities that they have repressed, and it is their education about sexuality that releases them from the bondage of heteronormative gender norms. Hector and Posner have the same gender conflicts, being gay in a world of masculine education. Posner struggles with his sexual ity that he does not want to control, while Hector struggles with his sexuality that he wants to control, but prefers not to because of his justifications that they are mere sexual baptismal rites. Posner confesses to Irwin that he is gay and in love with Dakin, and that he does not want his gay sexuality to be a phase (Cusack & Hytner, 2006). His inner struggle is more connected with his sexual insecurity because of his social circumstances. Posner is aware of the prejudice against gay people: â€Å"

Miss Evers’ Boys portrays the emotional effects Essay Example for Free

Miss Evers’ Boys portrays the emotional effects Essay Miss Evers’ Boys portrays the emotional effects of one of the most amoral instances of governmental experimentation on humans ever perpetrated. It depicts the government’s involvement in research targeting a group of African American males (â€Å"The Tuskegee Experiment†), while simultaneously exploring the depths of human tragedy and suffering that result, as seen through the eyes of Eunice Evers. The viewer watches as a seemingly innocuous program progresses into a full-blown ethical catastrophe—all the while taking Miss Evers through a moral journey, with her decisions having ramifications on the life and well-being of her best friends—her â€Å"boys. † I. Structure This movie deals with the ethical considerations present in human experimentation. The government, wanting to mimic the Oslo Experiments, intends to study a population of AfricanAmericans inflicted with syphilis. The movie takes place in alternate settings, transitioning between a 1973 Senatorial hearing and the site of the actual study in Alabama, beginning in 1932 and moving forward. Miss Eunice Evers, a nurse at a local Tuskegee hospital, is the centerpiece of the movie. II. Setting Plot Summary With an ominous lead-in quote, Miss Evers’ Boys begins to tell the tale of an emotionally courageous young woman and her struggle to protect her â€Å"children. † Within the first few frames  of the movie, the viewer is automatically entrenched into the already tenuous history of racial tension in America—except, this time, under the auspices of segregation founded upon disease. The movie begins, placing the viewer as an observer of a 1973 U. S. Senate Hearing, where we are first introduced to Miss Eunice Evers. Miss Evers is testifying as a nurse, one who took the nurse’s oath to protect the health of those in her care. The claimed Senatorial goal is to discover the truth underlying the â€Å"Tuskegee Study. † Miss Evers worked in the study from 19321972. The movie progresses throughout the course of the hearing, with testimony by Miss Evers and reminiscent scenes telling the tale of the study. In the beginning, Miss Evers firmly supports the goal of the initial plan—to provide care and treatment to those suffering from syphilis. â€Å"It was the dawn of a new day,† explains Miss Evers. At this point (pre-study), she believes that the government is sending her patients, and her city, the best funding and medical support available. The viewer is then introduced to Miss Evers’ Boys—a folk music group. 1 The musicians (four of them) are the first patients to provide blood samples, one of them being Caleb, an eventual love-interest of Miss Evers. Each of the men test positive for syphilis. At this point in the movie, everyone (including Miss Evers) is still under that assumption that â€Å"bad blood† is the culprit for the disease. Ultimately, the funding for the initial study disintegrates. After a visit to Washington, various gentlemen confront Dr. Brodus, the head doctor in Tuskegee, with an offer for a new rationale for funding. The gentlemen explain their intentions of studying the African-American population, much like the Caucasian population in the Oslo Experiments (1891-1910). The government then reveals the true nature of the experiment—the proposed study of untreated African-Americans dealing with syphilis. 1 The government promises future treatment and The group names their band after Miss Evers when she drives them to their first musical show. 2 proclaims the future potential of the Tuskegee Experiment, appealing to Dr. Brodus’ pride. Dr. Brodus agrees, naming the study, The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in The Negro Male. 412 men, afflicted with syphilis, participate in the study. In a telling interaction involving one of the first patients, Miss Evers suggests that the doctors explain to the study group that they are providing â€Å"back shots. † Through her deceit, Miss Evers thus begins to involve herself in the â€Å"treatment. † The tension she feels manifests itself in her facial features; the viewer can see her apprehension in this instance and throughout the movie. She is torn, but yet continues to help Dr. Brodus conduct the study. As 6-months turns into years, Miss Evers continues to hide the secret behind the study. She urges the men to continue the study, in hope of future treatment—treatment that never comes, even through the eventual availability of penicillin. Miss Evers’ ultimate decision as to how she deals with the care and treatment of her â€Å"boys† will be left to the viewer. With the journey, however, comes a tumultuous story, exposing the hypocrisy of the United States Government through the eyes of Eunice Evers. Throughout the movie, as an audience, we want Miss Evers to defy all conventions and simply provide the necessary medicine to the patients. Yet, she struggles throughout with the pros and cons of such a decision. On one hand, she wants to support the experiment; yet, on the other, she wants to protect and comfort her friends. As we finally see in the end, as seen through Miss Evers’ unique perspective, while one may question Miss Evers, it is the Senators themselves, and the government agents before them, who prove to be more worthy of moral appraisal. III.

Students Death Raises Concerns about Weapons Essay -- Journalism Viol

Student's Death Raises Concerns about Weapons Brett Schweinberg, a 19-year-old Emerson student and Brookline resident, never imagined that a night intended for so much celebration in Boston could end so tragically. Schweinberg was one of an estimated 80,000 revelers who flooded the streets of Kenmore Square and the Fenway Park neighborhood in the early hours of Oct. 21, following the Boston Red Sox’s ALCS victory over the New York Yankees. â€Å"It was really a happy, fun, cheering crowd,† Schweinberg said. â€Å"It was a Mardi Gras parade with no route and no floats. It wasn’t a violent affair, and it certainly wasn’t a riot.† However, the vibrant atmosphere quickly dissipated when members of the BPD, some mounted on horseback and some armed with less-lethal FN-303 launchers, took action to quell and disperse the crowd. Schweinberg, who was watching the crowd from the beams of Fenway Park’s left field wall, sustained two injuries when he was hit with pellets from the compressed air rifle. Far worse for Schweinberg, however, was witnessing fellow Emerson student and journalism major, 21-year-old Victoria Snelgrove, suffer a fatal wound to the eye shortly thereafter. â€Å"She dropped to the ground like a sack of potatoes. She started bleeding profusely out of the face,† Schweinberg said. Several hours later, Snelgrove was pronounced dead at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Her tragic death has cast a wave of criticism on the BPD’s decision to use one of the newest less-lethal technologies – a weapon the BPD had never used in a field situation– on a mostly college-aged crowd. The FN-303s were purchased by the BPD last summer for the specific purpose of controlling potential protests at the Democratic National Conven... ...joined together to form The Campaign to Ban Less-Lethal Weapons and circulate a petition with the goal of imparting a ban within the city. The petition states that: â€Å"First, these weapons must be re-classified as lethal. This is not only accurate, but it ensures that these weapons are used only in situations that would otherwise justify the use of lethal force.† Other conditions stated in the petition include independent testing for all weapons and additional training for law enforcement officials according to weapon manufacturer specifications. However, Terrill thinks there is little possibility that the FN-303 will be used by the BPD again. â€Å"In a city stung by one incident, regardless of what the science or research shows afterwards, city officials are usually very reluctant to use that weapon or permit a public policy where it would be used again.†

Health Promotion Essay

In today’s society, individuals do not recognize that every phase of their life is influenced by their health. People cannot accomplish their goals in society to their full advantage when they are unhealthy. In order to help the population improve their overall health, health promotion is essential. Health promotion and its objective will be discussed in this paper. In addition, it will further examine what our responsibilities are as nurses in the structure of health promotion. Furthermore, health promotion is separated into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, all benefitting the individual. The U.S. Public Health Service identifies health promotion as â€Å"the process of advocating health in order to enhance the probability that personal, private, and public support of positive health practices will become a societal norm† (Edelman & Mandle, 2010, p. 14). In addition to offering information to patients regarding their health, health promotion incorporates supporting patients to enhance their general well-being and recognize their individual health potential (Skybo & Polivka, 2007). Health promotion provides patients with the understanding of the different elements that can alter their health and inspires them to obtain control of it (Bennett, Perry, & Lawrence, 2009). As well as enhancing patient outcomes, health promotion assists in reducing costs, which are consistently rising in health care (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). According to Edelman & Mandel, health promotion can be used on a public level, community level, or personal level (2010). For instance, on the public level, health promotion could include granting assistance or low-income housing programs by the government. The community level might incorporate Habitat for Humanity, which is a great advantage for that particular population. Lastly, the personal level would include individuals who vote to favor programs that assist the community (Hoyle, Bartee, & Allensworth, 2010). Health promotion, a frequently used phrase, is especially critical to the nursing career. It encompasses many concepts that nurses encounter daily. Because education is crucial to succeed, nurses are an essential part in health promotion. Every day, nurses provide education to their patients. To assist them in maintaining and enhancing their well-being, nursing interventions benefit individuals by expanding their resources (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). Since there are various settings in nursing, this is the ideal opportunity to educate individuals. With the help of nurses, healthy communities, homes, and schools can exist with proper education. Regardless of the specialty, all nurses need to educate patients on how to remain fit so they can live a longer, healthier life. Currently, collaboration occurs with an interdisciplinary team, which all assist in improving patients’ lives. Team members may include physicians, therapists, social workers, and dietitians. By working together to create a diverse educational background, this team helps patients overcome their illnesses or helps them manage the disease affecting their life (Bennett et al., 2009). Since health promotion is employed entirely across nursing, nurses are accountable for facilitating the best outcome for each individual patient. Health promotion includes three levels; primary, secondary and tertiary (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). Primary prevention includes delivering strategies and education to help patients avoid illnesses (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). For example, when a nurse delivers an immunization to a patient, she educates them about the potential risks of the disease and how the immunization will help prevent them from contracting the disease. In addition to the community, primary education is also applied in schools as an informative tool, to educate students about harmful diseases such as those taught in sex education classes. This offers support to students, enabling them to make informed decisions about protecting their health from such diseases. Secondary prevention is the next level of health promotion. This includes timely diagnosis of an illness and immediate therapy (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). This level aids in reducing occurrences of illness and inhibiting development between patients (Bennett et al., 2009). By offering community screenings for diabetes or hypertension, nurses are applying secondary prevention. Public health screenings allow nurses to identify potential diseases at an early stage, as well as provide the patient with beneficial information to slow the progression of the illness. Lastly, the tertiary level consists of helping the patient with rehabilitation and recovery (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). This stage identifies the disease and makes the patient cognizant of their health challenges. The nurse’s role in this level is to deliver education to help reduce complications. If a patient is admitted to the hospital with a stroke, physical and occupational rehabilitation may be initiated to retain the maximum stage of function and to avoid another stroke from transpiring (Skybo & Polivka, 2007). The three levels of health promotion are utilized every day and positively assist patients with improving themselves. Nursing will continually incorporate health promotion and the prevention of illnesses. To help support the best outcome for all patients, it is essential that nurses adapt to change. Primary, secondary, and tertiary are the principle levels of health promotion in the nursing profession. These three levels will contribute to patients living longer, healthier lives. References Bennett, C., Perry, J., & Lawrence, Z. (2009). Promoting health in primary care. Nursing Standard, 23(47), 48-56. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010367201&site=ehost-live&scope=site Edelman, C., & Mandle, C. L. (2010). Health promotions throughout the life span (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Hoyle, T., Bartee, R., & Allensworth, D. (2010). Applying the process of health promotion in schools: A commentary. Journal Of School Health, 80(4), 163-166. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00483.x. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010582507&site=ehost-live&scope=site Skybo, T., & Polivka, B. (2007). Health promotion model for childhood violence prevention and exposure. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 16(1), 38-45. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01621.x. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login .aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009481108&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Thomas Becket

Describe the state of the church in Chaucer's middle ages. The king's immediate successors paid little attention to the issue of division of power between church and state. Richard the Lion-Hearted spent his reign in France and on the Third Crusade to recover Jerusalem, and John was a tyrant who spent much of his time overtaxing and angering his subjects. But from time to time, the issue of who would control the judicial system of England resurfaced and other differences between church and state arose. It was not until the rule of Henry VIII that the struggles between king and pope were resolved.Henry VIII settled the issue by separating England from the Catholic Church altogether. â€Å"Thomas Becket. † IJXL Biographies. Detroit: 2003. Student Resources in Context. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. 16. What is the Magana Carta? What historical impact did it have? The Magna Carta (a Latin phrase meaning â€Å"Great Paper† or â€Å"Great Charter†) was originally an English docum ent issued in 1215. An army led by English barons forced King John (1167-1216) to sign it. The purpose of he document was to clarify the king's power over the barons, the church, clergymen, and the free people of certain towns.

Humphrey Bogart essays

Humphrey Bogart essays Humphrey Bogart was one to always push himself to the limit, and would expect the best of him at all tasks. Bogart never lowered his standards to less then one-hundred percent. Bogart once told his best friend I believe in being direct, simple, and honest. Bogarts attitude towards his work and his peers made people enjoy who he was, and some were puzzled about who he was. On January 23, 1899 Dr. Defrost Bogart and Maude Bogart gave birth to Humphrey Defrost Bogart. Humphrey had two younger sisters. During Humphreys childhood, he lived in a prominent section in New York and had a seasonal retreat in Canandaigua Lake. Dr. Bogart taught his only son how to play chess and how to sail. Humphrey would continue to sail and play chess the rest of his life. Dr. Defrost Bogart was a prominent surgeon in Manhattan, and Maude Bogart was a successful illustrator. Humphreys education persisted of attending private schools only. Maude and DeForest Humphreys desire was for Humphrey to become a doctor and not end up at Broadway. His journey of schools first started off at Trinity school. After Trinity, Bogart attended Phillips Academy where he was preparing for medical school. During Bogarts preparation for becoming a doctor, he had failing grades which eventually got him expelled from Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. After the expulsion, in the spring of 1918 Bogart traded in his graduation cap for an enlistment in the Navy. After being discharged in the Navy, Bogart decided to look up an old family friend. Once Bogart found William A. Brady, Brady put him to work as an office boy. Eventually Bogart discovered a job becoming a stage manager a long with doing chores at Bradys film studio in New York World Film Corp. In 1922 Bradys daughter Alice thought that Bogart had acting potential. Assuming she was correct, Alice gav e Bogart a small part in Drifting, a p...

Scotland Independance essay Essays

Scotland Independance essay Essays Scotland Independance essay Essay Scotland Independance essay Essay Scotland Independance essay BY coler777 Scotland Independence Debate Scotland has developed into a troubled country in which people have become indecisive on whether Scotlands independence would affect the country in a positive or negative way. There has been evidence of acts to create Scotland independent since its Joining of I-JK in 1707. Now, people are arguing on whether separation would create a better country as a whole, through economics, basic rights, and political statuses. Independence of Scotland could represent a good thing for the countrys tatus, but no one will ever know the effect it can have on the countrys economic situation. There are many individual groups fghting for and against independence, which are classified into either pro-independence, or unionists. The separation of Scotland would result in destructive long term effects on their economy, such as their large oil industry. Although, if Scotland became independent, it would give the country full control over the foundations, and mainly the protected role of human rights. Both groups have certain disadvantages and advantages, but no matter what, here will always be a sort of cause-and-effect relationship between the two. The increasing popularity of the Union, shift of political, social, and economical viewpoints, including important perspectives on the countrys history, are huge factors for people desiring independence. For political, Scottish people have unfair voting, and the whole country has no say in the world council. Also, the people would like the right to self-govern, and be able to adopt their own legal system. If the country did separate, Scotland would destroy most, if not all nuclear weapons located n Scotland which are causing disputes between the foreign countries and citizens. Any sort of nuclear technology would destroy the environment by causing large amounts of pollution around the country. Under economic factors, the country would have control over their own resources, imports, and exports which all include oil, therefore producing immense amounts of income. Most people who are unionists are more concerned for the functional ability of the country which include mainly social and economic factors. If Scotland chooses to separate, then they would lose all he financial benefits that they receive from the I-JK. Not only that, but Scotland would lose all the security and defense structures they currently have in effect. I-JK plays a huge role for Scotland, they provide us with protection, and are a necessity for running what little control over the government that Scotland has. Once separated, the country would lose all global trade, and would have to start from scratch pretty much. The country already has no debt now, and its easily capable of supporting itself Just the way it is. The independence of Scotland is a growing issue today, and as expressed above, both sides share the same equality in their perspectives. Most people are more lenient to certain factors that actually are very important when it comes to the success of a country. This could result in a damaged country, with too much people trying to fix one problem, when in reality there are hundreds more. Eventually many deciding factors will contribute into the final decision of Scotland Independence, but no matter which way they go, they will always lose something

Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms

Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms By Maeve Maddox When reading articles on the web, especially those on personal blogs, if I see one grammatical error I hesitate to be too critical. Typos happen. When I see the same error a second time, I sense a problem. Here are examples of the same error that occurred in two separate posts on the same site. They really stood out because overall the blogger was writing standard English. Ive began to feed she has began disciplining Television dins incorrect forms into our ears every hour of every day, and not many teachers outside the English classroom insist that their students speak a standard dialect at school. Errors with the few remaining English irregular verbs are bound to proliferate. The most common errors with irregular verbs occur with the past participle form. The past participle is the form of the verb that is used with the auxiliaries has, have, and had. The usual error is that the writer or speaker uses the simple past where the past participle is called for. Most English verbs form the simple past and the past participle by adding -ed to the simple present, but about 150 common English verbs do not. More than half of these irregular verbs do not present a problem with the past participle because its the same as the simple past. For example: fight fought [have] fought find found [have] found cling clung [have] clung feed fed [have] fed That leaves 65-70 irregular verbs whose past participle form is different from the simple past form. For example: go went [have] gone begin began [have] begun see saw [have] seen Most ESL sites include alphabetical lists of common irregular English verbs. If youd like to see a breakdown of the irregular verbs according to the form of the past participle, Ive categorized them on my AmericanEnglishDoctor teaching site: Category One: simple present, simple past, and past participle all spelled the same: Ex. cut cut cut Category Two: simple past and past participle spelled the same: Ex. find found found Category Three: past participle different from simple past: Ex. begin began begun Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsA While vs AwhileEducational vs. Educative

Knowledge Management in Modern Photocopier Organization Coursework

Knowledge Management in Modern Photocopier Organization - Coursework Example A simple question like why one person is able to resolve a particular problem while the other is unable to when equipped with same resources and support structure and on the other hand how can one person's ability be used to overcome another person's inability were the questions asked and answered. The company that is being studied is a photocopier design, manufacturing, sales and service organization. The organization has got global presence and has organized its divisions geographically namely the United States of America, United Kingdom, Europe, Asia and Australia. The period under study is from 1997 to 2001, a five year period. The basis for this particular study is the fact that the company promises to replace the copiers if the service personnel are not in a position to rectify or resolve service complaints within a period of 72 hours and the service commitment given to the customer is that the non-functional or problematic copier would be replaced within a period of 48 hours. The humble photocopier is a thing of the past. With the latest digital technology, businesses large and small can have sophisticated machines that print, copy, fax and scan. These flexible new machines not only deliver excellent quality but save businesses time, effort and costs. Lookalike Office Automations is the company that is being studies in this research paper. As already mentioned, the company has got global presence and it has also organized its divisions on a geographical basis. The company specialized in printers, presses and copiers, along with associated supplies, software and support.

Impact of culture on international marketing Essay

Impact of culture on international marketing - Essay Example While globalisation was bringing in a radical economic change the globe over it was perhaps gradually contributing to the design of an international bond by unfastening the intra national social bonds primarily in terms of opening marketing interfaces to cultures across the world resulting in comprehension and exchange of elements from other cultures. Thus economic forces enabled international marketing to get energized and, which in turn, set in the challenging assignment of making commercial sense out of cultures to which wares were marketed. Devetak and Higgott explain how globalisation has brought about a weakening of an intra national social bond. They further posit that ongoing process of globalisation causes constant disruption in existing social bond. It is their view that "under conditions of globalisation, assumptions made about the social bond are changing; .... the article concludes that the prospects for a satisfactory synthesis of a liberal economic theory of globalisat ion, a normative political theory of the global public domain, and a new social bond are remote"(Devetak & Higgott 1999). Again, in a slightly different context, Phillip W.Jones makes a statement which is extremely relevant to the definition of globalisation in present context. Jones states that," The logic of globalisation contrasts markedly with that of internationalism. The latter, with its intrinsically democratic foundation, looks to a world ordered by structures supportive of that functionalism which is embedded in accountability. Globalisation, by contrast, implies few logical imperatives in favour of accountability, but rather looks to the pursuit of interest on the global level through the operation of unfettered capitalism"(Jones,1998).According to Jones view international marketing efforts in new cultural milieu would fall in the category of 'globalisation' as defined by him. However multinational corporations take a broader view of their international marketing efforts and venture in new international markets only after completing a thorough study of local cultures. New technological develo pments, improvements in communication, growth in transnational infrastructure and liberalizing of trade and capital flows have enabled entrepreneurs the globe over to deploy and run their capitals chasing markets the globe over. The globalisation aligned attitudes of IMF and World Bank are exemplified with clarity by Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank, when he says that," The key aim of today's policy makers has not changed compared to those at the Bretton Woods times - it has been, and still is, global prosperity and stability - but the environment in which we are acting has changed profoundly......Today we are striving for stability of the international financial system in a world of free capital flows with a growing importance of private flows and increasing trade and financial integration"(Trichet, 2004). As Roby says," world-wide output and trade have grown apace with market openings and the rise of efficient global business networks these past 15 years. An entrepreneurial class is energizing once-stagnant command economies" (Roby, 2005). It is at once apparent that this 'entrepreneurial class' is essentially limited in number the globe over. They also have limited spheres of influence. Consider for instance, the

Zenn Motor Company Ltd Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Zenn Motor Company Ltd - Assignment Example ZMC has created and delivered to consumers a form of vehicle for personal transportation, which is â€Å"zero emission no noise† better known as â€Å"ZENN†. Ultimately, ZMC has addressed the question of marketing by creating, pricing, distributing a form of electric vehicle that is efficient for consumer use and above all it is environment friendly (Boone & Kurtz 34). Question # 2 The critical relationships that ZMC should focus on are with its consumers, companies in the vehicle industry and companies with a large number of vehicles. These three categories of consumers will provide ZMC with a big and potential market for its electric vehicles, which are environment friendly (Boone & Kurtz 36). Question # 3 One primary target group that ZMC has focused on is consumers. Precisely, ZMC has targeted commercial fleets and urban commuters. ZMC has taken various steps, which have aided in building relationships and value. These steps include developing a website in which the management has used to trace visitors and their preference. Through its website, ZMC has been able to establish the particular car that is preferred in a defined geographical area. ZMC has also built a relationship with consumers through viral marketing. The first adopters of the ZENN car have become evangelists of this product. ZMC has created an Ambassador program, which has trained customers on issues of marketing, and this has aided in building relationships and value for this group (Boone & Kurtz 57). Chapter 2 Question # 1 ZMC’s mission entails providing consumers with vehicles, which are pocket and environment friendly. This mission is achieved through creating a product that consumes less in terms of energy, and above all conserves the environment. ZMC’s mission is effective and efficient because the company has truly come up with a product that satisfies the need that brought it into existence. The number of consumers in need of the electric vehicle that is p ocket and environment friendly has been on the increase, a clear demonstration that ZMC’s mission is effective and efficient (Boone & Kurtz 74). Chapter 4 Question # 1 ZMC as a company has highly embraced the idea of social responsibility while marketing its product. The company has not only directed social responsibility towards consumers, but also towards the environment. It is also critical to note that the inspiration that led to ZMC existence came from the idea of conserving the environment and stopping global warming. The company has followed the principles of social responsibility by formulating a mission, which does not benefit the company alone, but also consumers and the environment. ZMC demonstrates social responsible marketing by availing the market with electric cars, which match up issues of climate change and a growing demand for environment friendly vehicles. Ultimately, ZMC’s mission of creating electric vehicles that target conserving the environment and stopping global warming is a great social responsible marketing movement (Boone & Kurtz 84). Chapter 5 Question # 1 The most efficient form of secondary source of data, which ZMC as a company can use to its advantage are published reports and journals regarding the vehicle industry. There exists a lot of published information, which pertains to the success and failures witnessed in the vehicle industry. ZMC can use this information by capitalizing on the shortcomings witnessed within the vehicle industry while at the same time taking advantage of the vehicle industry’s capabilities. In essence, the published reports will provide critical information that will aid in developing specialty vehicles (Boone & Kurtz 72). Question # 2 There are a number of critical, ethical issues

Critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical analysis - Essay Example These can offer the employees a strong establishment for the aim of attaining a competitive edge (Enrensal, 2006, p.17). A career is termed as an individual’s occupation that deals with how an individual earns his or her living. Career management encompasses the process where people invest their resources for the aim of achieving career objectives (VonHippel et al, 2000, p.102). Career management is not a one day undertaking but rather a long-term process that is vital for the adaptation of the evolving demands of the 21st century’s economy. Various economic changes taking place in the economy tend to have a great impact on the income distributions and employment opportunities available in the world. During career management sessions, employees are trained on the adoption of suitable beliefs, attitudes, and values that fit in today’s job environment. Career advice given to individuals assists in changing their working behaviors as well as to help them in self dis covery in order to meet the needs of employers who are highly influenced by effects of globalization (Grey, 2002, p.445). Worldwide competition, technological change, and adjustments in consumer preferences have greatly impacted on the quality and the type of employment available thus necessitating the need for organizations to embark on career management practices. Career management therefore takes two forms; can either be conducted at an organizational level or at an individual level. In todays market settings competition and the cost economics presents a lot of insecurities in the job market. On the other hand competition and evolution industries are opening a surfeit of opportunities for the people to select from (Personal Career management, 2012). New job openings and associated threats results in the job market becoming extremely unpredictable. In this type of uncertain environment, it is eventually the role of an individual to make his or her own decisions on what to pursue f or the preferred career. The individual ambitions attached to the upcoming business developments are used to shape up the individual career options. An organization in this case can try and support the career aspirations of an individual; if at all the career is falling in line with the goals of the organization. Thus with the notion of careers in the contemporary world, an individual is required to adjust the way careers were viewed traditionally. A job is no longer a mere means of getting money but rather should be looked at as a means of acquiring knowledge. As much as the individual is working on meeting the objectives of the company, he or she is also making strengthening his or her skill for the aim career development (Alagse, 2012). Career management is termed as the initial responsibility of any individual. Pursuing of the preferred career by an individual is a long process where he endlessly gets to learn things pertaining to his personality, purpose, interests and abilitie s. It calls for rigor and much focus at each and every step of career management. This particular person must incessantly review his or her assignments and try to come up with alternative outlook of the job, which assists in enriching an individual’s experience. An interrupted relook at the current job and the organization that an individual is serving alongside the available opportunities in the outside world will enable an individual

Enron Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Enron - Essay Example It was only after the scandal that the government decided to do something about the prevention of possible future crimes that might be committed. Ethical considerations for the case and verdict required that no further information on the criminal case was leaked out into the public. As for justice on the crimes that were committed, the defendants had to pay for their crimes and were sent to jail. As much as they claimed that they were innocent, the jury had found them guilty with no biases made. The victims, although suffered terrible losses in terms of finances in the market, nothing more could be asked as the criminals who were the cause of the crime were sent to jail—it was better than having the criminals set loose. For the rest of the people in society who were not involved in the incident, justice was served as the government had took action to close the company so as to prevent more probable problems that might come from them. As a result of the scandal, the UK and the USA were the first countries to make the necessary changes so as to prevent anything like the scandal to happen again. Accountability and legal changes were made and this lead to the creation of the Sarbanes-Oaxely Act which required that CEO and CFO of any company to certify annual reports that will be passed to the government. The inability to do the required action of the law meant the probability of facing charges on the part of the CEO and CFO (â€Å"What is the Sarbanes-Oxely Act?

Critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical analysis - Essay Example These can offer the employees a strong establishment for the aim of attaining a competitive edge (Enrensal, 2006, p.17). A career is termed as an individual’s occupation that deals with how an individual earns his or her living. Career management encompasses the process where people invest their resources for the aim of achieving career objectives (VonHippel et al, 2000, p.102). Career management is not a one day undertaking but rather a long-term process that is vital for the adaptation of the evolving demands of the 21st century’s economy. Various economic changes taking place in the economy tend to have a great impact on the income distributions and employment opportunities available in the world. During career management sessions, employees are trained on the adoption of suitable beliefs, attitudes, and values that fit in today’s job environment. Career advice given to individuals assists in changing their working behaviors as well as to help them in self dis covery in order to meet the needs of employers who are highly influenced by effects of globalization (Grey, 2002, p.445). Worldwide competition, technological change, and adjustments in consumer preferences have greatly impacted on the quality and the type of employment available thus necessitating the need for organizations to embark on career management practices. Career management therefore takes two forms; can either be conducted at an organizational level or at an individual level. In todays market settings competition and the cost economics presents a lot of insecurities in the job market. On the other hand competition and evolution industries are opening a surfeit of opportunities for the people to select from (Personal Career management, 2012). New job openings and associated threats results in the job market becoming extremely unpredictable. In this type of uncertain environment, it is eventually the role of an individual to make his or her own decisions on what to pursue f or the preferred career. The individual ambitions attached to the upcoming business developments are used to shape up the individual career options. An organization in this case can try and support the career aspirations of an individual; if at all the career is falling in line with the goals of the organization. Thus with the notion of careers in the contemporary world, an individual is required to adjust the way careers were viewed traditionally. A job is no longer a mere means of getting money but rather should be looked at as a means of acquiring knowledge. As much as the individual is working on meeting the objectives of the company, he or she is also making strengthening his or her skill for the aim career development (Alagse, 2012). Career management is termed as the initial responsibility of any individual. Pursuing of the preferred career by an individual is a long process where he endlessly gets to learn things pertaining to his personality, purpose, interests and abilitie s. It calls for rigor and much focus at each and every step of career management. This particular person must incessantly review his or her assignments and try to come up with alternative outlook of the job, which assists in enriching an individual’s experience. An interrupted relook at the current job and the organization that an individual is serving alongside the available opportunities in the outside world will enable an individual

Sale of Goods Act 1979 sections 20A & 20B - Passing of Property & Risk Essay

Sale of Goods Act 1979 sections 20A & 20B - Passing of Property & Risk - Essay Example Section 20A is applicable to Contracts of sale where there is a â€Å"specified quantity of unascertained goods.† Section 20B was enacted to supplement the lacuna created by section 20A where there has been deemed consent by the buyer as a co-owner of goods from the bulk and the protection of liquidators from any action in case of insolvency. It means that an act done under Section 20A by one of the co-owners (buyers) binds the other but in case of the seller’s insolvency before passing of property paid for, the buyer is protected. Therefore, the researcher concludes that the legislature never introduced any form of injustice to replace another by enacting Sections 20A and 20B but they cured the mischief in law and strengthened the justice system that could have created endless litigations due to uncertainty of goods, undefined deemed consent and the insolvency of the seller where property had not passed to the buyer. Analysis Sections 20A and 20B Section 20A of the Sal e of Goods Act as amended specifically deals with contracts where the parties traded in â€Å"specified quantity of unascertained goods† in the bulk and gives legal parameters to the effect that property and risk in goods is deemed to have passed upon ascertainment as per the Avory J in Healey v Howlett & Sons (1917). This can either be by identification of goods by the buyer, appropriation by the seller, abatement and or severance of the goods in the bulk by the buyer. In this vein, particular conditions should be fulfilled which includes; that such goods for sale or a sample from the bulk should be clearly identified as forming part of the contract or by any other subsequent contract by parties to that agreement (Burns, 1996, P.268). Secondly, there should be consideration for those goods forming wholly or part of the contract according to Burns, (1996, P.268) and also upheld by the Court in Cohen v Roche (1927). It is an exception to the old rule of thumb that goods pass u pon delivery and payment (Ward (RV) Ltd v Bignall,1967, P.545). In this circumstance, it’s upon ascertainment. Where upon the above conditions are satisfied, property and risk is premafacie passed onto the buyer for those ascertained goods in the bulk as per the Court in Pignataro v Gilroy & Sons (1919) involving the sale of unascertained rice2. The only exception is where there is an agreement to the contrally between the contracting parties (The Sale of Goods Act, 1795, S.20A (2)) or if there are special factors forming part of the essential terms of the contract (Nicole, 1979, P.143). Property further passes in unascertained goods by the buyer’s approval of goods produced by the seller before delivery but the seller should notify the buyer of that production (Wilkins v Bromhead, 1844). This thus means that there has been appropriation of goods hence passing of property and risk (Noblett v Hopkinson, 1905). Furthermore, part payment for the goods being ascertained is in the circumstance treated as consideration and therefore makes the buyer owner of the goods. Property is thus deemed to have passed according to Hendy Lenox Ltd v Grahame Puttick Ltd (1984). However, the terms of the contract must be fulfilled failure of which negatives the passing of property as was the case in Carlos Federspiel & Co SA v Charles Twigg & Co Ltd (1957) involving the sale of bicycles which didn’t pass until they had passed the ship rail. Therefore, sections 20A and 20B were not

Essay Essay Example for Free

Essay Essay There are many things in our life that we can compare and contrast to one another, but one subject that stands out to me would be the differences between male and female friends. We all have friends that are male and female in our life. Although, we do not really notice it sometimes but there are many similarities and differences between having male and female friends. Therefore, in this paper I will be explaining the similarities and differences in having male and female friends. When talking about female friends, most people think about emotions. Female friends love to talk to each other about emotions, which draws them closer as friends. They talk about the deepest problems and never hold back how they feel to one another. Female friends will also show physical contact by hugging one another and kissing each other’s cheek. They also are more comfortable around each other. For example, females are not scared to change clothes around each other and tell each other how they are really feeling. Although, having a female friend is more capable to put drama in our life. Drama is something most girls strive for; they love to have a lot of drama in their life. This addiction for females can cause a lot of problems for themselves as well as their closest friends. Having a female friend can also be an advantage for other females because; they will let their friends borrow each other’s items. Therefore, if someone needs a new dress for a party they can j ust look into their friends closet and simply take it for the night. Female friends are good to have although male friends are completely different than the female friends in our life. Although when we talk about male friends, most people think loyalty. Unlike female friends male friends do not like to talk about emotions. Males like to talk about other things as in, basketball games, different girls they think are cute, or how life is going in general. Male friends also do not show physical contact like female friends do. Male friends do not like to  usually hug or touch their female or male friends unless it is their significant other. They also do not hide anything; they will tell us the truth no matter how bad it will hurt us. Unlike female friends they do not like nor carry drama. Male friends do not like drama at all, they stand as far away as possible from it. The advantage of having a male friend is they do not strive for drama like females, so we will not be pulled into their problems. Also unlike female friends, males do not let other friends borrow their clothes, they rarely let anyone touch or wear their clothes but themselves. These many differences between male and female friends that I have mentioned also have similarities. No matter how many differences male and female friends have, there are also many similarities. Having both male and female friends give us many options on who we can go and talk to about anything. No matter if they are a female or male friend, we know that they will always be here to protect us and listen to every problem we have. Both types of friends also make us feel wanted and loved. Even if we are having a bad day we have both genders of friends to cheer us up not matter the circumstances. In conclusion, female and male friends are similar and different in many ways. We need to be friends with both female and male to make a good balance in our friendships. No matter how much female or male friends we have they all benefit us in many ways. Although, there are many differences in the gender of friends, they are always here for us no matter the differences or similarities.

Two different queuing systems

Two different queuing systems Introduction This report presents the modeling of two different queuing systems in a typical bank environment using the arena software. The confidence intervals for both the systems are constructed based on the simulation results. The systems are then compared to find out which queuing system performs better. Assumptions For both systems, no real data was collected. Both the interarrival times and service times were taken from known probability distributions. Other assumptions also include no balking, reneging and queue jumping. Each replication had the same initial conditions and terminating events. Lastly, both systems are assumed to be stable, have infinite calling population and no limit on system capacity. Modeling of the systems In this section of the report, the actual modelings of both the systems using the arena software are discussed. Configuration of the models and steps to run the system are also highlighted. Firstly, system 1 is explained, followed by system 2. System 1 modeling System 1 has a separate queue for each individual bank teller. Based on Kendalls notation, system 1 is an M/M/4 system. It is a Poisson process and disallows batch arrivals. The table below summarizes the categorization of the system based on the parameters of the system. In this system, customers arrive and choose to join the shortest queue. The highlighted mean values in the table represent the exponential mean value ?. For the interarrival time, 100 customers arrive in 1 hour. Hence, ÃŽ ²= 1/ (100/60) = 0.6 Firstly, create the customer arrival portion by clicking and dropping the create button. Next configure it by doubling clicking the diagram. The Figure shows the dialog box to configure the entity. Type the parameter as shown in Figure 2 above for this system. The configuration can also be shown in the figure below. Create the four individual processes for each of the Bank Tellers by using the process button. Configure the process as shown below. Since the customers can choose the shortest queue to join upon arrival, create a decision box by using the decide button. Configure the decision box as follows: Click on the Add button to include the conditions for the branching conditions. Select Expression and right click and select expression builder to construct the expressions. Finally, create the customer departure by using the Dispose button. Double click on the button to configure by naming it. Lastly, connect all the components together to model the system 1. System 2 modeling System 2 has only a single queue for all the arriving customers. When a bank teller becomes available, the customer will be served by that bank teller. Based on Kendalls notation, system 2 is an M/M/1 system. The table below shows the categorization of the system 2 based on Kendalls notation. Running the Simulation Once the models of both the system are constructed, simulation runs are conducted to evaluate the performance of the systems. The steps in running the simulation are as follows: Click on the Run tab and select Setup. Click on the Replication Parameters tab. Input number of replications as 15 and replication length as 480 change all the units to minutes. This is shown in the Figure below. Click on Run tab and select Go to run the simulation. Simulation Results This section of the report summarizes the results produced by both the queuing systems. The performance measure parameter is the average time the customer spends in the bank. The results for each individual system are evaluated and the following confidence interval is constructed. Then the two systems are compared by constructing another confidence interval. System 1 Results The system 1 results are based on the average time a customer spends in the system as its performance measure. The average time for each replication is summarized in the table below. Firstly, the mean is computed using (n) = 4.8121 Variance is also computed using (n) = 1.103800987 Hence the 95% confidence interval (? = 0.05, t14, 0.975 = 2.145) for system1 is computed using Confidence interval: [4.2302, 5.3940] System 2 Results The system 2 results are also measuring the average time the customer spends in the system. The results are summarized in the table below. By using the same formulas, the mean, variance and confidence interval are as follows: (n) = 3.804533333 (n) = 2.231921051 Confidence interval: [2.9771, 4.6319] Comparison between Two Systems From previous results, the confidence intervals of both the systems overlap each other. Therefore, it is hard to determine which system performs better. Hence, paired- t confidence interval is used to compare the two systems. It is important to note that the number of replications for each system must be the same for this type of comparison. The table below summarizes the results of this comparison. The mean, variance and the confidence interval is computed and the results are as follows: (n) = 1.007566667 (n) = 3.578001252 Confidence interval: [0.5192, 1.4960] Since the confidence interval does not contain zero, there is strong evidence to conclude that system 1s average time customer spends in the system is larger than that of system 2. Hence, system 2 performs better than system 1. Conclusion This report presents the models of two different queuing systems in a bank environment. Through the simulation results, it is found that system 2 performs better than system 1. In order to get more accurate results, the number of simulation runs must be increased and other performance measure parameters can be tested to further gauge the performance of both the systems.

Government and Politics - Cultural Purification and Discriminatory English Only Laws :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Cultural Purification and Discriminatory English Only Laws With continued diversity, stemming from immigration into the United States, the languages spoken here are continually transforming. Cultural misunderstandings and a lack of education on multi-lingualism have caused injustices inflicted on entire groups of people. Historical ideologies on what a "pure" American language should be has resulted in discriminatory "English Only" laws and other programs aimed at "cleansing" the American culture. The language debate can perhaps be traced to John Adams' proposal to the Continental Congress in 1780. The nation at that time was very culturally diverse. "It was commonplace to hear as many as twenty languages spoken in daily life" (ACLU). Adams however, made a proposal to the Continental Congress that would significantly effect this diversity. His call to, "purify, develop, and dictate", usage of the English language would have placed stringent restriction on the employment of any other languages beside English. Another of our Founding Father's myopic views on language and culture, discriminated against the German immigrants in the United States at the time. Benjamin Franklin, in the middle 1700's, feared the German influence could, "supersede Anglo supremacy, not only in language, but in terms of culture and political values" (NCBE). Thomas Jefferson espoused similar worries in 1803, in regard to the French in the Louisiana Territories. The prevailing view each of these Founding Fathers held was fear, propelled only by opinions that the immigrants would not be able to understand, and therefore not promote, "American values". The middle to late 1800's, saw other immigrant groups face like discrimination. The Know-Nothing Party, which was started in the 1850's, upheld anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant views. This ultimately led to language restrictions being placed on them. Due to English literary requirements, Chinese immigrants were, "attacked, barred from employment, disqualified from owning land, not allowed to vote" (NCBE). Laws restricting use of German in many public schools were also passed. One's culture and ideas becomes apparent through language. The distrustful leaders at the time though, were fearful of anything other than "pure American values", and language therefore became the avenue by which they chose to promote this purity. These historical efforts to "cleanse" the American language have no doubt contributed to feelings on language purification by politicians today. The effect of our nation's history of cultural ignorance has led to the creation of proposals that are damaging to those not yet proficient in the English language.

Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary Essay

Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary both portray significant female characters. Both of these works show 19th Century women striving for freedom. These works reveal the problems women of this time had in trying to become equal with their male counterpart. Nora’s happiness is seen through her time with her children while Emma’s happiness is never seen as she experiences stressful relationships. The female protagonists seek their freedom through secrecy, children and relationships. Nora Helmer from A Doll’s House and Emma Bovary from Madame Bovary are very secretive with their lives. Nora’s secrets range from the hiding of the macaroons (59) to the loan for the sake of Torvald’s health (54). This shows perhaps fear Nora may have with her husband. Nora best shows her secrecy with the clothes she wore for the masquerade party. Emma’s secretive ways stem from her marriage to Charles. Emma hides her affairs with Leon and Rodolphe from an unsuspecting Charles. The affairs show what Emma would do for appreciation. Dramatic irony is expressed with the fact that Charles fails to realize of Emma’s affairs until after her death. Children are another important issue in the women’s lives. Nora shows that she really cares for her children unlike Emma. Nora buys Christmas gifts for her children and plays hide-and-seek with them (61). Nora uses money to buy things for her children rather than herself showing that she doesn’t think just of herself. Nora tells her children â€Å"the strange man [Krogstad] won’t hurt Mama† (62). Emma is seen as a character foil of Nora with the fact that she does not care for her child. Her hatred for her daughter first emerges when she hoped to have son. Having a son would anticipate â€Å"revenge for all her earlier helplessness† (101). Emma felt that a woman is held back and helpless. At the sight of her newborn, Emma faints as wish for a son doesn’t come true (101). Emma doesn’t really care when she shoves Berthe into a chest of drawers and causes her to cry (124). Berthe Bovary is even thought of as â€Å"ugly† by her mother (124). Emma spends money for her own being in Madame Bovary. This shows that she only cares herself and no one else. The holes in Berthe’s stockings (272) show that Emma doesn’t even care for her own child. The love Emma shows for her daughter reveals her mendacity, not real affection. Relationships are a very important component in the two works. Besides the relationships with their children, the women experience relationships with their adult counterparts. Friendship is a theme expressed in both works. Nora has a few friends while Emma’s actions is a rationale for her not having friends. Nora’s friends include Dr. Rank and Mrs. Linde. Nora, who contrasts from the two for not having an occupation, is able to sustain a friendship. Emma has her dismissal of women with the reasons coming from the differences she sees. Emma also doesn’t have male friends with the fact that neither Leon nor Rodolphe really care about her while she believes they do. Women such as Madame Tuvache dislike women like Emma after witnessing her not being faithful to her husband. Tuvache even once claimed that Emma is â€Å"compromising herself† (104). The relationships with fathers had an impact on Nora and Emma’s lives. Both women were unhappy in their relationships with their fathers. Nora’s relationship with her father was best portrayed with her being a â€Å"doll† in his â€Å"doll house† (109). Emma’s relationship with her father was not a good relationship either. Being able to leave her father was at some sense, happy for Emma until her marriage. Work is seen as an issue and also another type of relationship with the women as well. Both women’s â€Å"work† came in the form of being a housewife. Nora’s role as a housewife seemed at times more satisfying than a role in manual labor. Emma’s role of a housewife was different as she paid more attention to only herself than her own family. Both women also had maids in helping to keep the household running. The love lives of Nora and Emma determine the motives each character possessed. In A Doll’s House, Torvald is seen giving Nora money from time to time. Nora seems truly happy with her marriage at first but it soon changes. At first Nora refers to herself as Torvald’s â€Å"little squirrel† (77) and shows no frustration with the marriage. Nora also uses a loan she received to take the trip with Torvald. Nora also realizes that her and Torvald have been having an unsuccessful marriage by not having serious talks (108-9). The feelings of remaining a â€Å"doll-child† played an important role in Nora’s decision (109-10). Nora hopes of the â€Å"miracle† (89-90, 93) never come and it results in her leaving her family. After Emma’s marriage with Charles, Emma realized that she did not really love Charles to begin with. The wedding bouquet (53, 83-4) that Emma later destroys shows the disappointment in her marriage. To satisfy her needs, Emma engages in affairs with Leon. After Leon’s departure, sorrow turns to happiness with a new affair with Rodolphe. Emma, who couldn’t accept Charles and his personality, failed to realize how he really felt about her. Emma’s death was an impact on Charles’ later demise. Nora from A Doll’s House and Emma from Madame Bovary are very strong female characters portrayed in literature. Happiness and freedom are the most important themes in both women’s lives. Striving for happiness and freedom came at a costly price, with death as Emma’s fate. Nora’s happiness lies within her â€Å"miracle† of a better marriage. Nora always seems to be happy when she really is frustrated and unhappy. Emma never experiences happiness as her attempts fail and result in her death. The feminine struggle continues with the failed marriages and shows a strong message. The struggle reveals that not being equal can cause damage to the lives of people and their surroundings. Works Cited Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary. Trans. Mildred Marmur. New York: Penguin Group, 1979. Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll’s House. Four Major Plays. Trans. Rolf Fjelde. New York:

Analysis of Comments on a New York Times Article Essay

The article, â€Å"Forced From Executive Pay to Hourly Wage,† which was written by Michael Luo and was published in the New York Times last February 28, 2009, basically told the story of people who used to earn five or six-figure amounts per year, are now being paid hourly minimum wages. One example in the article was the case of Mark Cooper, who used to earn $70,000 as a security manager for Fortune 500 Company in the United States and who oversees a budget of $1. 2 million. Nine months ago, he lost his job and now he is earning $12 an hour in his job at his friend’s janitorial services company. Although the article itself is appealing enough, it is also interesting to note the readers’ comments about it. As of now, there are 300 comments about the article and upon reviewing most of them, it can be surmised that each reader who commented had significantly different viewpoints and opinions about the story told in the New York Times article. Evidently, these readers adhere to different moral codes which are seen through their responses. In general, the readers who commented on the article can be divided into two groups: one group lauded the brave act of Mark Cooper while the other criticized the style of writing and the subtle message that New York Times writer used in the article. One of the reader’s who praised the article story admired the courage of Mr. Cooper as he was able to lower his pride and found ways to provide for his family even if it means that he has to scrub toilets and have his salary dramatically reduced from five figures to an hourly wage without any benefits. In a sense, this group highly regarded the value of hard work and starting all over again in a dignified way. Most of their comments basically indicated that Mr. Cooper is not alone and that there are hundreds of Americans who have similar â€Å"riches to rags† stories. These readers, based on their comments, also believed that there is no shame being poor as long as one has a dignified and lawful job. On other hand, the other group of readers who commented on the article criticized the New York Times for insinuating that those who work blue-collar jobs are lower forms of human beings than those who work white-collar ones. They see the article as discriminating to Americans who have been living their lives below the poverty line for a long time even before the current economic crisis. For example, one reader lamented that article more or less showed that a $12-an-hour job is an indecent way of living, which is not true. In addition, one reader did not feel sorry for Mr. Cooper and commented that he had a lot to be thankful for because he lives in an above average house and was able to live a rich life. To this reader, the economic crisis makes everyone in America equal because they are struggling to make ends meet. However, what’s common in all the readers’ responses is that they could all relate to the difficulties experienced by the people depicted in the article. In fact some of the readers, who are evidently from different walks of life, shared their own stories in their comments. In other words, the single factor that binds all the readers who commented is the hardship brought about by the financial crisis in America. In a way, the article’s comments show two things: one is that there are a lot of Americans who are so used to a good life that they are seemingly caught off-guard when a devastating financial crisis like this hits them and the other is that due to the crisis, most Americans would be willing to take on any job just to survive. But the comments also indicated that Americans are more unified in achieving a common goal which is to recover from the devastating effects of the crisis and rebuild their lives. Works Cited Luo, Mark. â€Å"Forced From Executive Pay to Hourly Wage. † 28 February 2009. New York Times. 4 March 2009 < http://www. nytimes. com/2009/03/01/us/01survival. html? pagewanted=1&_r=2&sq=executive%20janitor&st=cse&scp=1>.

The Story of Herbert Ernest Bates “The Beauty of the Dead”.

Interpretation by Arkadiy Kurakin The story of Herbert Ernest Bates â€Å"The Beauty of the Dead†. The story is a unit of literary fiction. The author uses different expressive means and stylistic devices to show the reader the idea of the story, such as epithets, metaphor, similar, oxymoron, irony, hyperbola, understatement, etc. The protagonist of this story is Mr. Grimshaw. This is a complex character, reticent, gloomy. His surname is rather significant.The adjective â€Å"grim† means harsh, merciless, severe; ghastly, joyless, sinister (has a grim truth in it); unpleasant, unattractive. – expresses here the impression to be made by him on a reader. We can see his mercilessness from the following phrase: he turned with satisfaction to look at his wife, who lay dying on the bed. From his interaction with the minor character it occurs that though his relative consider him to be another, he is so a man that his name gives our an impression.The most important acti on of the protagonist is his inner thoughts, his choice in using sudden circumstances, his impulse to go through all the events happened. The minor characters is his wife. We do not know and the author do not let us know her name and it is significant because her name is of no account as her character is weak-willed, dull and infirm. What why he doesn't care about her inner world and doesn't interpret her as a person. Stylistic AnalysisThe story â€Å"The Beauty of the Dead† by Herbert Ernest Bates is casual in its subject-matter, describing a particular place at a particular time. In analysing this story we must point out its three main features: 1) the effect of striking concreteness and simplicity; 2) the impression of a melancholy meditating tone; 3) the implication suggested by the author as the ultimate stylistic effect. These three peculiarities are linked and interwoven to produce a joint impression, the EMs and SDs of the story are aimed at achieving the desired effe ct.SDs used in describing the picture are aimed at arousing a concrete image: epithets â€Å"yellow†, â€Å"grassy†, metonymical periphrasis â€Å"wanted wear† and â€Å"no step had trodden black† suggesting paths which are seldom used. A careful and inclusive analysis must consider linguistic items at various levels, as all stylistically significant features form a complex. The impression of colloquial intonation of reminiscence is mainly created in the story through enjambment. The pause in the middle of the line (see the third lines in the first and the last stanzas) makes the tone of the lines natural and meditating.The combination of the SDs of enjambment and anadiplosis (the repetition of the pronoun â€Å"I† at the end of the line and at the beginning of the next line) in the last stanza produces the impression of a kind of afterthought uttered quite naturally after a pause: Lexical EMs and SDs emphasise the melancholy tone of the story. Thi s SD is that of antonomasia. The proper name is substituted by a common noun which stands in certain relations to the name. Beatrice in her reply to Benedick treats the word â€Å"disdain† as a living being ascribing to it human qualities.Hence here we have the SD of personification. Stylistic Analysis This story is one of Hemingway's masterpieces. It gives a deep insight into human nature and a true picture of contemporary social and family relations in bourgeois society. The writer leaves the surface comparatively bare: the meaning is plain and simple. The impression of simplicity which strikes the reader from the first is brought out not only by the plain dialogues, the common matter-of-fact events at the beginning of the story but by the language itself.A close study of the story for the purposes of examining its style involves a careful observation and a detailed description of the language phenomena at various levels. The text of the story is not homogeneous: the author 's narration is interrupted by the dialogues of the characters; inner thoughts of come characters (mostly Wilson's) are imperceptibly interwoven with the narration. A rigorous analysis of the vocabulary of the story clearly shows that the author employs common words in his narration and a restricted number of colloquial words in the dialogue and represented speech.Here are some examples of colloquial words: â€Å"†¦ †. In many instances the reader sees that the number of synonyms is deliberately restricted. Note the use of verbs of communication (â€Å"to say† and its synonyms) times; â€Å"to tell† — 3; â€Å"to ask† — 2; â€Å"to speak†, â€Å"to agree†Ã¢â‚¬â€ once each. No other verb of communication is used. Besides, the author does not usually add any adverbial modifier to show the manner in which the character speaks. See the first page where the author plainly states â€Å"†. The impression of impassive matt er-of-fact narration is brought out also by a very limited use of words denoting feelings.On the first pages we can find only the following words: â€Å"pretending†, â€Å"in triumph†, â€Å"smiled†, â€Å"liked†, Author’s scrupulous attention to minute details adds to the matter-of-fact and logical tone of the story. Underneath this simple exterior of restraint there lies a rich treasure of suggestions and implications. The very structure of the story adds to the effect of implication but the actual meaning of what is going on is not clear at the beginning of the story, as the feelings suggested by the writer are not precisely determined.The reader however feels that something has happened and that the characters are strained and full of hidden apprehension and suppressed emotions. The effect of implication ( ) and suspense () is brought about in various ways, firstly by the direct means of stating that something has happened but not revealing wha t. Observe the repetition of the word â€Å"happen†. Note the word â€Å"pretending† which characterises from the start the atmosphere of suppressed emotion.Note the various cases of logical periphrasis used by the characters to say in a round-about way what happened that morning. The reader is kept in constant suspense: â€Å"the whole thing†; â€Å"about it†; â€Å"that lion business†; â€Å"something like today†. Observe also the repeated use of the verb â€Å"to forget† stressing the intention of the speaker not to think of some unpleasant fact; the verb â€Å"to forget† is used four times and its contextual synonym â€Å"to drop† — twice. The hints and suggestive remarks uttered by the characters in their seemingly plain unpretentious dialogues are very effective in their implication.The effect of implication and suspense is brought about indirectly too: The macro-context that comes after these words affects them and determines their meaning. The peculiar use of the verbs â€Å"to look† and â€Å"to smile† may also be regarded as an indirect means of creating the effect of implication. However additional contextual meaning and emotive colouring is received mainly from the macrocontext. This manner of describing the character's reaction and emotions by presenting simple external actions may be considered a specific SD—metonymical description which is realised only in the macrocontext.The SD of metonymical description makes the reader supply what is missing and creates the effect of implication. This is one of the ways in which Hemingway employs his â€Å"iceberg principle†: â€Å"I leave out what I know but knowledge is what makes the underwater part of the iceberg,† writes Hemingway. In a similar way the writer uses the verb â€Å"to smile†: the implication conveyed by this verb is also brought out in the macrocontext. The role of the macroconte xt in Hemingway's story is of utmost importance. Note instances where the verb â€Å"to smile† is used: â€Å"So author's story devoid at the beginning of any apparent emotional colouring, of any apparent expression of the characters' feelings is impassive and matter-of-fact only on the surface whereas beneath the surface can be found intense emotions, meditations, sufferings. Note that the feelings and emotional reactions of Mrs. Macomber and Wilson are mostly conveyed by this means. Note the role of repetition in heightening the impression of growing fear: the word â€Å"fear† is used here twice, and the word â€Å"afraid† is repeated three times.One more note about author's usage of words and how it is related to the description of his characters. The impartial tone and the absence of emotive words in describing Mrs. Macomber may be accounted for by two reasons: the writer's principle to leave the surface comparatively bare of any emotion, and the desire to emphasise the woman's nature by choosing relevant words and expressions (note the writer's way to explain her purpose for desiring to marry again — â€Å"to better herself†). Analyse the use of the adjectives â€Å"red† and â€Å"blue† in the story.Similarly, the adjective â€Å"blue† is affected by the surrounding words (it is constantly used in such combinations as â€Å"cold blue eyes†, â€Å"his flat, blue, machinegunner's eyes†) and had acquired an additional contextual meaning making it an epithet in the macrocontext. It is the macrocontext that determines the meanings of some words and suggests their implication in author’s story, and therefore should not be underestimated. The grammatical peculiarities of the story serve the basic stylistic purpose — that of giving the impression of simplicity and mpartiality on the one hand, and creating implication and emotional tension, on the other. Long sentences which are s o characteristic of the author's narration in the story do not produce a sense of complexity. On the contrary, the long sentences give the illusion of simplicity. The impression of simplicity is generally maintained by a peculiar sentence structure. The most striking feature which is easily observed is the repetition of one and the same conjunction within the sentence. Read this sentence: † † Similar structures can be seen on the same page: â€Å" † The use of one and the same conjunction and one and the ame type of subordinate clause within the sentence (a complex sentence with successive subordination) creates a monotonous analogous description where the author seems concerned only with presenting a bare enumeration of details. It is interesting to point out that folklore contains clear-cut structures of this type with successive subordination as in the well-known nursery rhyme â€Å"This is the house that Jack built†¦ â€Å". The established syntactical pattern which is repeated within the sentence is a stylistically significant feature in the story leading to a seeming lack of variety and maintaining the effect of simplicity.Note that this holds true not only of the sentence-structure but to a larger extent of the paragraph-structure. The established pattern (or patterns) is repeated with a slight variation throughout the paragraph giving the impression of analogy and logic in structure. Read the paragraph on p. XX beginning: â€Å" † The predominant sentence-type in the above paragraph is the complex sentence with a subordinate clause of time. The conjunction â€Å"when† is repeated five times, the conjunctions â€Å"while† and â€Å"before† are used once each. The paragraph being a unity of ideas presents in the story a striking unity of syntactic structure.There is no conspicuous topic sentence, the paragraph gives a series of details or actions which go on and on, as if the writer assumes that his r eaders want only to learn as quickly and easily as possible what happens. The unity of the paragraph manifests itself in the established syntactical pattern used throughout the whole of the paragraph and in the one and the same conjunction. Repetition assumes in the story various structural forms. Catch-word repetition (anadiplosis) is frequently used giving the impression of plain, logical structure: â€Å"Margot looked at them both and they both saw that she was going to cry. â€Å"But more than shame he felt cold, hollow fear in him. The fear was still there†¦ â€Å". Note that anadiplosis produces the effect of a â€Å"chain-pattern† structure similar to that produced by successive subordination often used in the story. Anadiplosis is sometimes employed to connect successive paragraphs. The dominant conjunction which is employed frequently and variously in the story is â€Å"and†. The repetition of the conjunction â€Å"and† usually maintains paralle lism and rhythm: â€Å"† The effect of a rhythmical arrangement is heightened in this example by alliteration at the end of the paragraph.Suspense which is the basic compositional feature of the story manifests itself in the structure of most paragraphs. Read the paragraph by which the first part of the story culminates: â€Å"† Note that the paragraph tends toward balanced structure for the sake of contrast: â€Å"Macomber did not know†¦ ,† â€Å"Wilson knew†¦ â€Å". The repeated use of the words â€Å"knew†, â€Å"did not know† adds to the effect of contrast and gives the impression of a certain established pattern of the paragraph.Observe that parallel constructions are interrupted by inserting modifiers (three instances of subordinate clause of time introduced by â€Å"before†, â€Å"when†, â€Å"when†) and some other relevant detail. Syntactical parallelism supported and intensified by lexical repetition (four instances of â€Å"know†; â€Å"nor †¦ nor†; â€Å"when, when †¦ â€Å"; â€Å"how, how †¦ â€Å") lends an unmistakable rhythm to the passage. Note that the length of sentences and clauses is shortened and the number of inserted details is lessened by the end of the paragraph and so causing a change in rhythm: from a slow, even rhythm to a rapid, excited rhythm.This change of rhythm heightens the emotional tension and reinforces the implication suggested by the last unexpected sentence of the paragraph: â€Å"He did not know how his wife felt except that she was through with him. † The repeated words do not assume any definite compositional pattern, such a simple scattered repetition contributes to the impression of a colloquial simplicity of narration: â€Å"† The principle of repetition which reveals itself in the use of the established syntactic pattern and the repetition of one and the same conjunction often leads to the SD of cum ulation: â€Å"† The clash between the yntactical analogy and semantic distance in the SD of cumulation brings about the effect of implication and hints at the real relations of the characters. All these similar features contribute to the impression of parallelism in the structure of the paragraph. Cumulation is striking as the clash between the grammatical identity and semantic difference is sudden and strong. Cumulation gives rise to implication and presents the first obvious hint at what happened before the story began. The main dramatic force is achieved by syntax — by the writer's masterly utilisation of the resources concealed in the syntactic structure of the language.Stylistic tendencies and peculiarities of the story manifest themselves in the passage most intensely and palpably. The passage tends to rhythmical structure: parallel constructions, various types of repetition, a peculiar scheme of sense-group division — all contribute to this impression. A ll these features lend balance to the passage. A change in rhythm from slow to rapid reinforces the effect of suspense and climax. Suspense is created by a number of interrupting but relevant details postponing the completion of the thought.The length of the interrupting phrases and coordinate clauses is shortened by the end of the passage (note once again that the last three clauses contain two sense-groups while the first four — three or six) and causing a change in rhythm adds to emotional tension. The sentences are not so long, not so fragmentary, the relevant details are not so numerous. Note that some details are repeated (â€Å"like slate† — â€Å"like hitting a slate roof†). The rhythm of the paragraph is even and quiet giving the impression of an impassionate description.The paragraph may be regarded as a kind of comment on what happened. Note the use of the Past Perfect which plainly refers the actions to those which have been mentioned. The ide a of suspense and the effect of implication is masterfully revealed at the end of the story — the writer does not say plainly whether it was an accident or murder. The writer presents only a sequence of outward actions and the reader is left to imagine more than the words themselves convey. Assignments for Stylistic Analysis: 1. Speak on the subject-matter and the idea of the story. . Analyse the structure of the poem (its stanzas, rhythm, rhymes), note instances of enjambment and speak on its stylistic function. 3. What characters of the novel are described in the passage and what does the reader learn about them? 4. Who are the major and minor character/s? Describe them shortly. 5. What impression do you get from the protagonist? Discuss his/her character and his/her views as they are revealed through his/her speech. Describe the protagonist’s state of hopelessness and frustration. Comment on the protagonist’s words: â€Å"†. 6.Analyse the direct speech and speak on its peculiarities. 7. Discuss the meaning of the saying: â€Å"† and comment on its stylistic peculiarity. Say why he/she uses it. Speak on the way he/she interprets the above mentioned saying. What SD is used by him? 8. Find cases of periphrasis in her speech and speak of their function. 9. Discuss she attitude towards the situation, comment on lexical and phonetic EMs and SDs used in her speech and speak of the effect achieved through the use of these devices. 10. Pick out various types of metaphors and comment on their stylistic effect. 1. Comment on the meaning and stylistic peculiarities of some lines. 12. Dwell on the implication suggested by the author. 13. Pick out epithets, state their types and structure and speak on their stylistic function. 14. Comment on the exclamatory sentence 15. How do you account for the sudden transmission from literary vocabulary mostly used by the author (â€Å"under the auspices†, etc. ) to the colloquial words (â₠¬Å"a confounded quarrelsome highbred jade†)? What stylistic effect is achieved by this device? 16. Comment on the stylistic effect of the rhetorical question: 17.Speak on the author's attitude towards the society he describes. Pay attention to the EMs and SDs employed by the author (note the vocabulary of the passage, metaphors, metonymies, allusions, rhetorical questions and their stylistic function). 18. Speak on the scene and the characters introduced in the excerpt and SDs used to describe them. 19. Find various forms of repetition in the author's narration: the repetition of a sound (alliteration); of a conjunction (polysyndeton); of a notional word; of a syntactical pattern (parallelism) and speak on the role of repetition in the structure of a paragraph. 0. Analyse the SD of repetition from the point of view of its compositional design (anaphora, anadiplosis etc. ); note what kind of repetition prevails in the excerpt; speak on the stylistic functions of repetition. 21. Take the Xth paragraph for rigorous analysis; in doing so dwell on the following points: 1) the main thought of the paragraph and the way it is developed; 2) the SD of polysyndeton; 3) the metaphor, the way it is prolonged and the stylistic effect achieved; 4) represented speech, its type and stylistic function; 5) antithesis as the culmination point of the paragraph. 2. Comment on the different ways author manipulates with the remarks of the characters. 23. Summing up the analysis of the chapter pick out all passages where the author's ironic or sarcastic attitude towards high society and its corrupt morality is acutely felt and analyse the main SDs used to achieve this effect. 24. Summing up the analysis of the chapter/extract/passage/story, speak on the allegoric character of the story and on various SDs used to make the particular effect..

ART RESEARCH PAPER Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ART - Research Paper Example The Institute bought the painting, and it is displayed till today. As a result of the competition, the painting started receiving its fair share of publicity by being featured in Chicago dailies. Its fame spread to Boston, Indianapolis, Kansas city and New York. The painting was received well in these cities and states as they saw it as a perfect representation of the state of Iowa (Hoving & Wood 14). Iowa residents, however, did not share the same sentiments as the other Americans. Iowans saw the American Gothic as a caricature depicting the wrong impression of life in their state. The painting depicted the as â€Å"grim-faced puritanical Bible-thumpers† due to their conservative nature. In his defence, Grant Wood stated that the painting was a mere appreciation of the Iowan lifestyle (Evans 31). The painting was inspired by the lifestyle of the residents of Iowa and their simplistic view of life. The background of the painting was inspired by his travels of the Iowa landscape. Iowan residents found fault in the painting due to the house having unusual windows and being inspired by Gothic architecture. Gothic architecture, contrary to the picture, does not originate from America it is of European origin. The painting portrays a woman and a man standing side by side while the man holds a pitchfork. A house, constructed with Gothic architecture, stands behind the two. The man in the picture was Byron McKeeby, who was his dentist while the woman in the picture was his sister Nan (Hoving & Wood 7). The composition of the painting was new as the Gothic form of architecture was new in the Iowan landscape. The cast displayed in the picture was familiar to the American audience. The arched window believed to be from Sears, flourished the painting. The dentist looks directly at the audience while the woman stares at the other side of the painting. The woman deliberately fails to make eye contact

Tort Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tort Law - Essay Example In this case the appellant had suffered damage as a result of a snail in her ginger beer bottle and she brought a claim against the manufacturer for damages. It was held in this case that even though the appellant had not bought the ginger beer and therefore had no rights under the law of contract, she could successfully pursue a claim against the manufacturer in the law of tort. Lord Atkin asserted that a manufacturer owed a legal duty of care to the ultimate consumer of his product. In discussing duty of care as a legal concept, Lord Atkin established the â€Å"neighbour† principle†2. Lord Atkins went on to define the term â€Å"neighbour† in the legal sense as being â€Å"persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought to reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called into question.3† All the same, there are limitations to the application of duty of care principle. For instance, in the case of Dorset Yacht Co Limited v Home Office4 Lord Reid opined that â€Å"Donoghue v Stevenson may be a milestone†¦but it is not to be treated as if it were a statutory definition. It will require qualification in certain circumstances†5. The development of a test for establishing a legal duty of care in tort has been gradual. In Caparo v Dickman6, the House of Lords specified a three stage test to determine the absence or existence of a duty of care. The different states in this test are first, whether the consequences of the defendant’s actions were reasonably foreseeable. Second, whether there was sufficient proximity to impose a duty of care; and lastly, whether it is fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty of care. In applying this test to the appellant’s position, it must first and foremost be established, whether the respondent could have been

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Exam - Essay Example Word documents are acceptable by the system, uploaded documents can not be graded automatically and thus create major problems. Save the attachment (.doc) or copy and paste the quiz and the answer sheet to your word processor. Enter your answers directly  into your word processor version. When you have finished entering your answers, save your answers to your computer (always keep a copy of your work).   To submit your exam, please go to your Assignments Folder and click on the tab for FINAL EXAM. Copy and paste your exam answers into the text box and click on "Submit For Grading." (Attachments are acceptable but try copying and pasting first, let attachments be your last resort). Using the Rich Text Editor (RTE) will help preserve the formatting of your answer sheet; consult the Help Desk if you need help with installing or using the RTE. (In the upper right-hand corner of your screen, see Options, then Account Preferences to enable the RTE.) If you have any questions please con tact WebTycho support line! Q. 1 – 40: Objective-Type Questions (1 point per question) Please use alphabet answers where applicable. 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. E 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. D 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. A 22. A 23. C 24. E 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. L 32. J 33. C 34. N 35. D 36. H 37. I 38. M 39. F 40. K Essay Questions (10 points each). Choose and answer only six (6) essay questions. If you answer more than six, only the first six will be graded. Essay # 2 A)- Five structures present in a human knee joint are; i- Patella ii- Bursae iii- Meniscus iv- Articular Cartilage v- Joint Cavity B)- Two types of arthritis are described below: Osteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease, usually occurs in elderly people because of normal wear and tear. Although it appears to be a natural result of aging, such factors as obesity and repeated trauma can contribute to the disease. Osteoarthritis occurs mostly in joints us ed in weight bearing, such as the hips, knees, and spinal column. It involves breakdown of cartilage and narrowing of the joint space, with growth of bone spurs at the edges of the joints. The disease can be avoided by staying active and getting exercise to help maintain the joint and overall movement. Rheumatoid arthritis is a crippling condition characterized by joint swelling in the hands, the feet, and elsewhere as a result of inflammation and overgrowth of the synovial membranes and other joint tissues. The articular cartilage is gradually destroyed, and the joint cavity develops adhesions so that the joints stiffen and ultimately become useless. The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is uncertain. However, the disease shares many characteristics of autoimmune disorders, in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. The role of inherited susceptibility is clear. Successful treatment includes rest, appropriate exercise, medications to reduce pain and swellin g, and suppression of the immune response. Essay # 4 A)- The nephron is the basic urine forming unit of the kidney. The nephron regulates the proportions of urinary water, waste, and other materials according to the body’s constantly changing needs. B)- The five parts of nephron are; i- Afferent Arteriole ii- Proximal Convoluted Tubule iii- Distal Convoluted Tubule iv- Loop of Henle v- Collecting Duct C)- The above mentioned parts are located in the following sections of the kidney; i- Afferent Arteriole -- is located in the renal cortex. ii- Proximal Conv